Ceiling.



PATENTED NOV. 21, 1905.

W. HEBBST.

CEILING.

APPLICATION FILED Muzs, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

N0. 805,137. PATENTED NOV. 21, 1905- W. HERBST.

CEILING.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 26, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CEILING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 21, 1905.

Application filed May 26, 1904- Serial No 209,938.

To (all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VVILHELM I-InRBs'r, a subject of the Prince-Regentof Brunswick, and whose post-ofiice address is No. 14 Breitestrasse, Steglitz, near Berlin, Prussia, Ger man Empire, have invented new and useful Improvements in Ceilings, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved ceiling consisting of bearing members and filling members, over Which a covering'layer is arranged in such a manner that it binds with the former. Both the bearing members and the filling members are formed before erection that the entire ceiling may be assembled in the simplest possible manner. The bearing members are very narrow in proportion to their height, so that they present a very high supporting strength. The bearing members are constructed of concrete or the like, and in the tension zone they are reinforced with iron. The filling members are formed from a light hydraulic molding mass or of burnt clay and present a hollow space, so that they are extremely light and at the same time serve to deaden sound. Further, these hollow spaces may serve for the reception of conduits or conductors, or they may be utilized for heating purposes or the like. The covering layer that binds with the hearing members must be of a thickness equal to about the average thickness of a bearing memher, so that when the bearing member is statically compared with the web of a double I- beam the iron reinforcement of the same in the tension zone would represent the lower flange and the covering layer the upper flange.

For ceilings of large span or for ceilings that are exposed to heavy loads the bearing members are anchored to the outer or to the middle walls. To this purpose the iron rods which are arranged in the tension zone of bearing-pieces are made to project from the end faces of the same and rigidlyfixed to the walls. In the case of large structures, when a number of ceiling-bays bolt one against the other the iron reinforcements of the beams or hearing members of the one bay are bolted or connected to the corresponding irons of the other bay, and this connection is effected above the middle wall or upon the top of a bearer-girder. By this arrangement the tensile strength ofthe reinforcement-iron is fully utilized and a loosening of the iron in the concrete material is prevented.

The bearing capacity of a ceiling of this kind is greatly increased if a reinforcement of iron is arranged in the covering layer, which may consist of concrete or the like. This iron reinforcement may merely lie in the covering layer or extend into the bearing members to their neutral axis, or it may be connected with the iron reinforcement in the tension zone by means of appropriate links. It may also be made to project from the ceiling and anchored to the walls, whereby the strength of whole ceiling is increased. In order that the most intimate connection between the bearing members and the covering layer may take place, it is preferable to round off or chamfer the filling members on their upper edges, so that the material may penetrate the intervals so formed, thereby producing a ready binding.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a bearing member. Fig. 2 is aperspective view of a filling member. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of ceiling. Fig. i is a plan showing the bearing members lying upon the two 'Walls, the covering layer being left away; Fig. 5, a sectional view of one of the bearing members with the iron reinforcement anchored to the wall; Fig. 6, a plan of one of the bearing members with the iron fixed in the wall by a splint; Fig. 7, an elevation of the construction shown in plan in Fig. 6; Fig. 8, the reinforcement-irons projecting from the end faces of the bearing members, connected one with the other upon the middle wall; Fig. 9, an elevation showing the anchor-bolt fixed to the wall; Fig. 10, a plan showing the reinforcement-iron embracing one of the stones of the wall. Fig. 11 is a vertical section through a constructional form of ceiling in which a reinforcement of iron is provided in the covering layer. Fig. 12 is a vertical section through a constructional form in which the reinforcing-irons extend to the neutral axis. Fig. 13 is a vertical section through a constructional form in which the iron reinforcements in the covering layer and in the tension zone, respectively, are connected, by means of links, one with the other. Fig. 14 is a section through the ceiling and the walls.

The ceiling consists of the bearing members a, the filling members Z), and the covering layer 0, Figs. 1 to 3. In the lower part of the bearing members a 'a reinforcing-insertion (Z, of iron, is provided. The members a and b are either cut away or taper downwardly, so that the filling members 6 may be held in position by the bearing members a. On their upper faces the filling members 7) are rounded off or chamfered. In this manner the material of the covering layer is able to penetrate between the bearing members and the filling members in the intervals so left. The members (a, and 0 constitute a lirm indivisible whole which cannot be decomposed in the static sense.

The bearing members consist of concrete or similar material, while the intermediate filling members are formed of a light hydraulic molding material. Themembers a are very narrow in proportion to their height that is to say, they are arranged on edgeso that they present a high supporting strength. Owing to the filling members employed, the entire ceiling is of very small weight. It is proof against fire and dry-rot, and owing to the hollow spaces in the parts 6 it deadens sound. These hollow spaces also permit, as already mentioned, of utilizing the ceiling for heating purposes and for conduits and conductors. The covering layer must be of a thickness about equal to the average thickness of the bearing member, so that the greater part of the forces resulting from the load are transmitted directly to the bearing members. A number of parts being prepared before erection, the ceiling may be very rapidly and readily assembled, and in view of the materials employed the cost is exceedingly small.

For ceilings of large span or for ceilings which are exposed to heavy loads the reinforcement-rods (Z in the bearing members a are rigidly fixed to the walls, Fig. 4. To this purpose the said iron rods are made to project from the end faces of the bearing members in such a manner that an anchoring-bolt 0 may be passed through them. The bolt is then fixed in the wall, for example, by a splint Z2, which is provided with a claw r Fig. 9, which latter passes round (2. Upon the other side of the bolt 0 simple splints 7/, may be provided. The anchoring-bolt may of course be fixed in a great variety of ways. The iron rods (Z may also be bent at their extremity and engage with the splint f, fixed in the wall, Figs. 6 and 7. Another constructional form is illustrated in Fig. 10, where the iron rodsd are bent U-shaped at their extremities and embrace one of the stones of the wall.

In the case of large structures-such as factories, halls, and the like when a number of ceiling-bays bolt one against the other the bearing members of one bay may be bolted to the corresponding bearing members of the other bay or otherwise suitably connected, and this connection may be effected above the middle walls or upon the top of a bearer-girder. A number of constructional forms are illustrated in Fig. 8. Thus, for example, the iron rods a are bent hook-shaped and connected one to the other on the middle wall by a cramp m,

or two hook-shaped ends 0 may engage one with the other, or a transverse bolta may be passed through all the rods 6. These transverse bolts are secured in any convenient manner to the wall.

The bearing capacity of the ceiling may be greatly increased if reinforcements of iron are also inserted in the covering layer. This may consist of rods (1 and loops r, Fig. 11. For the larger widths of span it is preferable to arrange the iron reinforcing-insertions not only in the covering layer, but also to permit a portion of them to extend within the hear-- ing members, and some of the loops (for example s in Fig. 12) may even extend to the neutral axis. In Fig. 13 another constructional form is shown, in which loop-shaped insertions 2? from the reinforcing-insertion in the covering layer are carried to the insertion (Z, lying in the tension Zone and are looped around them once or more. The reinforcement-irons inserted in the covering layer may also be rigidly fixed to the walls, as illustrated in Fig. 14. The reinforcementrods 9 are either fixed in the wall by a splint u or provided with hook-shaped ends that embrace an anchoring-bolt e, or they are fixed by any other suitable means, of which a number of examples are described with reference to the rods 0.

hat I claim as my invention is 1. In a ceiling the combination of bearing members of concrete or like material reinforced in the tension Zone withan iron insertion, with hollow filling members of light bydraulic molding material, burnt clay or the like having chamfered upper edges, and a covering layer binding with the said bearing and filling members and being of a thickness of the bearing members, substantially as described.

2. In a ceiling the combination with the described bearing members of hollow filling members, a covering layer and reinforcingrods inserted in the bearing members, the ends of said rods being made to project from the end faces of the bearing members and rigidly fixed in the walls, substantially as described.

3. In a ceiling the combination with the described bearing members of hollow filling members, a covering layer and reinforcingrods inserted in the bearing members, the ends of the said rods being made to project from the end faces of the bearing members and connected above the middle walls with the ends of the rods in the bearing members of the next bay, substantially as described.

at. In a ceiling the combination with the described bearing members of hollow filling members, a covering layer, reinforcing-rods of the bearing members fixed in the walls, and reinforcing-insertions of iron in the covering layer, substantially as described.

5. In a ceiling the combination with the described bearing members of hollow filling 5 scribed bearing members of hollow filling members, a covering layer, reinforcing-rods of the bearing members fixed in the walls, reinforcing-irons in the covering layer, fixed in the Walls and iron links connecting the reinforcements in the covering layer with the iron rods in the tension zone of the bearing members, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

WVILHELM HERBST.

\Vitnesses:

HENRY HASPER, VVOLDEMAP. HAUPT. 

